CVE-2025-68358

Published: Dic 24, 2025 Last Modified: Feb 26, 2026
ExploitDB:
Other exploit source:
Google Dorks:
MEDIUM 5,5
Attack Vector: local
Attack Complexity: low
Privileges Required: low
User Interaction: none
Scope: unchanged
Confidentiality: none
Integrity: none
Availability: high

Description

AI Translation Available

In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:

btrfs: fix racy bitfield write in btrfs_clear_space_info_full()

From the memory-barriers.txt document regarding memory barrier ordering
guarantees:

(*) These guarantees do not apply to bitfields, because compilers often
generate code to modify these using non-atomic read-modify-write
sequences. Do not attempt to use bitfields to synchronize parallel
algorithms.

(*) Even in cases where bitfields are protected by locks, all fields
in a given bitfield must be protected by one lock. If two fields
in a given bitfield are protected by different locks, the compiler's
non-atomic read-modify-write sequences can cause an update to one
field to corrupt the value of an adjacent field.

btrfs_space_info has a bitfield sharing an underlying word consisting of
the fields full, chunk_alloc, and flush:

struct btrfs_space_info {
struct btrfs_fs_info * fs_info; /* 0 8 */
struct btrfs_space_info * parent; /* 8 8 */
...
int clamp; /* 172 4 */
unsigned int full:1; /* 176: 0 4 */
unsigned int chunk_alloc:1; /* 176: 1 4 */
unsigned int flush:1; /* 176: 2 4 */
...

Therefore, to be safe from parallel read-modify-writes losing a write to
one of the bitfield members protected by a lock, all writes to all the
bitfields must use the lock. They almost universally do, except for
btrfs_clear_space_info_full() which iterates over the space_infos and
writes out found->full = 0 without a lock.

Imagine that we have one thread completing a transaction in which we
finished deleting a block_group and are thus calling
btrfs_clear_space_info_full() while simultaneously the data reclaim
ticket infrastructure is running do_async_reclaim_data_space():

T1 T2
btrfs_commit_transaction
btrfs_clear_space_info_full
data_sinfo->full = 0
READ: full:0, chunk_alloc:0, flush:1
do_async_reclaim_data_space(data_sinfo)
spin_lock(&space_info->lock);
if(list_empty(tickets))
space_info->flush = 0;
READ: full: 0, chunk_alloc:0, flush:1
MOD/WRITE: full: 0, chunk_alloc:0, flush:0
spin_unlock(&space_info->lock);
return;
MOD/WRITE: full:0, chunk_alloc:0, flush:1

and now data_sinfo->flush is 1 but the reclaim worker has exited. This
breaks the invariant that flush is 0 iff there is no work queued or
running. Once this invariant is violated, future allocations that go
into __reserve_bytes() will add tickets to space_info->tickets but will
see space_info->flush is set to 1 and not queue the work. After this,
they will block forever on the resulting ticket, as it is now impossible
to kick the worker again.

I also confirmed by looking at the assembly of the affected kernel that
it is doing RMW operations. For example, to set the flush (3rd) bit to 0,
the assembly is:
andb $0xfb,0x60(%rbx)
and similarly for setting the full (1st) bit to 0:
andb $0xfe,-0x20(%rax)

So I think this is really a bug on practical systems. I have observed
a number of systems in this exact state, but am currently unable to
reproduce it.

Rather than leaving this footgun lying around for the future, take
advantage of the fact that there is room in the struct anyway, and that
it is already quite large and simply change the three bitfield members to
bools. This avoids writes to space_info->full having any effect on
---truncated---

EPSS (Exploit Prediction Scoring System)

Trend Analysis

EPSS (Exploit Prediction Scoring System)

Prevede la probabilità di sfruttamento basata su intelligence sulle minacce e sulle caratteristiche della vulnerabilità.

EPSS Score
0,0002
Percentile
0,1th
Updated

EPSS Score Trend (Last 82 Days)

Operating System

Linux Kernel by Linux

Version Range Affected
From 6.7 (inclusive)
To 6.12.68 (exclusive)
cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
Common Platform Enumeration - Standardized vulnerability identification
Operating System

Linux Kernel by Linux

Version Range Affected
From 6.18 (inclusive)
To 6.18.2 (exclusive)
cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
Common Platform Enumeration - Standardized vulnerability identification
Operating System

Linux Kernel by Linux

Version Range Affected
From 5.16 (inclusive)
To 6.1.164 (exclusive)
cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
Common Platform Enumeration - Standardized vulnerability identification
Operating System

Linux Kernel by Linux

Version Range Affected
From 4.8 (inclusive)
To 5.15.201 (exclusive)
cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
Common Platform Enumeration - Standardized vulnerability identification
Operating System

Linux Kernel by Linux

Version Range Affected
From 6.2 (inclusive)
To 6.6.124 (exclusive)
cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
Common Platform Enumeration - Standardized vulnerability identification
Operating System

Linux Kernel by Linux

Version Range Affected
From 6.13 (inclusive)
To 6.17.13 (exclusive)
cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
Common Platform Enumeration - Standardized vulnerability identification
https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/38e818718c5e04961eea0fa8feff3f100ce40408
https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/55835646da78e83e7ad06abd741ca8fd8c0b0ea7
https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/6f442808a86eef847ee10afa9e6459494ed85bb3
https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/742b90eaf394f0018352c0e10dc89763b2dd5267
https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/b0bb67385480a3aa4c54b139e4f371ddd06b5150
https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/d4a81b8ec639895999275ea2472c69825cd67ea4
https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/db4ae18e1b31e0421fb5312e56aefa382bbc6ece